This article concerns the shadow cost concept and discusses the relationship between shadow cost and dual price according to linear programmings economic meaning of dual variable and shadow price.

本文根据线性规划问题对偶变量和影子价格的经济意义，给出了影子成本的概念，讨论了影子成本与对偶价格的关系。

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So perhaps Facebook will pay a higher price than it expects for its dual structure.

因此，或许Facebook会为它的双层结构付出比它预计的更高的代价。

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Several want to narrow the Fed’s dual mandate to curb inflation and maintain full employment to a single goal of price stability.

甚至有些人提出应将美联储抑制通胀、保持就业的双重任务削减为单一的稳定物价。

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For that matter, it is fair to ask whether the Fed should be promoting inflation at all, given its dual mandate of price stability and full employment.

FORBES: Why Stock Investors Should Root For Inflation

Just wait and see, they asked the general public, telling them that as time passes, both unemployment and output would move back to levels at or around those consistent with their dual mandate of price stability and maximum employment.

FORBES: Bernanke Fed Blames Commodities And Japan For 'Soft Patch'

We will calibrate the timing and pace of any future tightening, together with the mix of tools to best foster our dual objectives of maximum employment and price stability.

WSJ: Bernanke Op-ed in WSJ: The Fed��s Exit Strategy